二进制安装Mysql

官方下载地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

官方文档：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binary-installation.html

检查系统中的Mysql或Mariadb

[root@mysqldb mysql-5.7]#  rpm -qa | grep mysql
[root@mysqldb mysql-5.7]#  rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
[root@mysqldb mysql-5.7]# yum -y remove mariadb-libs.x86_64 

创建Mysql用户

官方使用的是/bin/false一样也可以。

[root@mysqldb ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -r mysql　　
# -M不创建主目录，-s /sbin/nologin不允许登录，-r创建的是系统用户

安装依赖包

CentOS7 自带可以不装。

yum install libaio

• 官方说明：版本大于等于5.7.19，对通用Linux构建添加了对非统一内存访问（NUMA）的支持，该构建现在依赖于 libnuma库。

准备初始化

[root@mysqldb ~]# mkdir /data/  # 创建目录
[root@mysqldb ~]# tar zxf mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /data/
[root@mysqldb ~]# mv /data/mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /data/mysql-5.7

[root@mysqldb ~]# ln -s /data/mysql-5.7/ /usr/local/mysql  # 创建软连接
[root@mysqldb data]# chown -R  mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/  # 修改所属主所属组

初始化

最后一行是数据库密码

[root@mysqldb data]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@mysqldb mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
2021-06-09T08:41:20.731759Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-06-09T08:41:21.220041Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-06-09T08:41:21.320599Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-06-09T08:41:21.398421Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 7751184d-c8fe-11eb-b2f7-000c29d938db.
2021-06-09T08:41:21.399751Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-06-09T08:41:22.656159Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-06-09T08:41:22.925994Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: fUXEXqpBW2*r  

编写配置文件

[root@mysqldb mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port=3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/tmp/mysqld.pid
[mysql]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[client]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

配置环境变量

[root@mysqldb mysql]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@mysqldb mysql]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh　　# 刷新环境变量
# 还可以使用source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

生成启动脚本

[root@mysqldb mysql]# cp /data/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysqldb mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysqldb mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld 
basedir=/usr/local/mysql　　# 在第46~47行
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@mysqldb mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

[root@mysqldb mysql]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1327/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      18475/mysqld        
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1327/sshd  

测试链接并修改密码

[root@mysqldb mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'fUXEXqpBW2*r'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.33

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> show bariables like 'validate_password%';
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'bariables like 'validate_password%'' at line 1
mysql> show variables like 'validate_password%';
Empty set (0.02 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@mysqldb mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'123456'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.33 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@mysqldb mysql]# 

Systemd管理Mysql

[root@mysqldb ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service 
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000

# 重新载入配置文件
[root@mysqldb ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service